What are free forging and die forging?

2024-08-14 15:44:03

What are free forging and die forging? Free forging is a simple and flexible metal forming method. Although it is widely recognized as an outdated and uneconomical forging forming method for batch or mass production of small and medium-sized forgings, it is still a suitable and economical production method for small batch or unit production, especially for large forgings, by forging on a hammer or hydraulic press.

Forging is the main process of forging, and the equipment used mainly includes forging hammers, anvil free hammers, crank presses, screw presses, and high-speed hammers. Forging has high productivity, stable forging dimensions, and high material utilization, so it is widely used in batch and mass production of forgings. It is estimated that the number of Forged parts is large, accounting for about 90% of the total weight of forged parts.

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In fact, besides free forging and various basic forging methods, there are also some other special forming methods in forging, such as electric forging, cold extrusion, rotary forging, roll forging, swing rolling, multi hammer precision forging, magnetic forging, superplasticity forming, static hydraulic forming, suspension forging, etc., which have developed rapidly in the past two decades at home and abroad. This type of special forging and forming technology will strongly promote the rapid development of the material processing industry.

For forging furnaces in forging factories, the detection and control of various thermal parameters are important measures to improve combustion, reduce energy consumption, ensure process requirements, and improve product quality and output.

Control fuel combustion to achieve control over furnace temperature and air-fuel ratio. Pulse combustion technology has been widely adopted in recent years. The pulse type combustion contRoller takes the high-speed burner as the control object, ensuring the high-speed flow of the ejected gas when the fuel quantity changes. Change the quantity and control the time, use a low flame as the constant flame, and control the heating rate by controlling the output time of the high flame. This control method is to set the appropriate air/fuel ratio for small and large fires during furnace start-up and commissioning. During the heating process, there is no need to dynamically control the air/fuel ratio, only to control the stability of fuel and combustion air pressure. This greatly simplifies the composition of the control system and reduces the construction cost of the furnace. However, the actual furnace temperature of the pulse controlled high-speed combustion system deviates significantly from the set control temperature. Shortening the pulse time will significantly reduce the deviation between the furnace temperature and the set temperature control.

The above fuel combustion control method has been widely adopted in the production process. Through practical verification, the above combustion control method can effectively improve the fuel combustion condition, provide favorable conditions for the automatic control of other thermal parameters of the furnace, save fuel, and improve the thermal efficiency of the furnace.

Control the furnace temperature curve. On the basis of controlling fuel combustion, control the furnace temperature curve (process heating curve).

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Control furnace pressure. Can ensure stable operating conditions of the furnace and reduce the intake of cold air into the furnace, causing a decrease in furnace temperature or furnace ignition. The sealing of furnace doors, furnace cars, and furnace bodies is a difficult point in flame furnace sealing, and the application of aluminum silicate fibers provides favorable conditions for solving the sealing of furnaces. By utilizing the soft and elastic characteristics of aluminum silicate fibers, a steel to flexible sealing surface is made, which is compressed by springs or cylinders to make the furnace a sealing body. The sealing of the furnace is a prerequisite and condition for controlling the stability of furnace pressure.

A computer-controlled furnace must have some basic conditions, such as advanced combustion equipment, waste heat recovery, reasonable furnace structure and building materials, etc. Otherwise, even if computer-controlled is used, satisfactory results will not be obtained.