Where is the quality of large forgings mainly reflected?

2024-08-14 15:25:22

The vast majority of large forgings are critical components in machinery and equipment, with particularly strict quality requirements. Due to their large volume and size, they are often forged directly from steel ingots, resulting in complex production processes and numerous factors that affect the quality of large forgings and are difficult to control. Therefore, defects and waste products are prone to occur, causing significant economic losses.

The defects of large forgings are closely related to the metallurgical quality of steel ingots and the production process. Generally speaking, high-quality steel ingots are the foundation for producing high-quality large forgings. Advanced and reasonable hot forging technology is an important guarantee for manufacturing high-quality large forgings.

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The quality of large forgings is mainly reflected in their superior metallurgical quality; Uniform and dense organizational structure; Qualified mechanical properties; Good dimensional accuracy and minimal defects. To improve the quality of large forgings, the first step is to enhance the purity of the molten steel. For example, if refining is carried out outside the furnace, it can effectively remove gases, non-metallic inclusions, and harmful trace elements from the steel, adjust the chemical composition and copper extraction temperature, and then clean and pour to maintain the purity of the steel. Secondly, it is necessary to choose a reasonable ingot shape, control the crystallization conditions, and obtain the ideal crystal structure, thereby greatly improving the quality of forging raw materials.

Next, it is necessary to heat reasonably, which can not only improve the plasticity of the process and facilitate forming, but also prevent defects such as cracks, coarse grains, overheating, and underheating. Large scale forging is not only about forming and obtaining the required shape and size, but more importantly, it involves crushing the coarse grains in the cast state, compacting the shrinkage structure, obtaining a reasonable fiber distribution, improving mechanical properties, and correctly controlling the cooling and heat treatment of the forging. This can refine the grain size, improve the structure, relieve stress, prevent white spots, adjust performance, and meet the requirements of strengthening and toughening.

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Considering the multiple production processes and long cycles of large forgings, as well as the high consumption of raw materials, energy, and labor, the production cost is high. Therefore, improving the qualification rate of large forgings, detecting defects in a timely manner, identifying the causes, and taking measures to prevent and rescue them have become very important links in the forging process of large forgings.